Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Class 12 English Chapter 9 Question Answer UP Board Solutions

UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Poetry Short Poems Chapter 9 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening are part of UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English. Here we have given UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Poetry Short Poems Chapter 9 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.

Board UP Board
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 12
Subject English Poetry short Poems
Chapter Chapter 9
Chapter Name Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Category UP Board Solutions

UP Board Class 12th English Short Poems Chapter 9 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Questions and Answers

English Class 12 UP Board Chapter 9 Question Answer

कक्षा 12 अंग्रेजी पाठ 9 के प्रश्न उत्तर

About the Poet : Robert Lee Frost is one of the most distinguished American poets of 20th century. He studied classics for a brief period at Harvard, and worked at odd jobs. ‘as a teacher, a cobbler and a farmer. During his stay in England, he began publishing poems, and won national fame in America. His theme and technique continually developed from the early pastorals to the later profoundly philosophical treatment of man’s problems.

About the Poem : This is a poem about a man who is on his long journey. But he is tempted by the beauty of nature and wants to stop for some time. But soon he is reminded that he has to go on a long way. So he should check his desire of enjoying beauty and peace of nature. This poem was favourite of Jawaharlal Nehru probably because it reminded him of the tremendous tasks to perform in the service of the country.

Central Idea                                                                                                   [2010, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18]
In this poem the poet refers to the man who is on a long journey but wants to enjoy nature by giving up his journey in the middle. But soon he is prompted within that he has to go on a very long way before sleeping. After that he can take rest and sleep. In fact the journey refers to the journey of life in which everybody has many responsibilities to perform before sleeping an eternal sleep. This is the reason that Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru also loved and liked this stanza.

(इस कविता में कवि उस व्यक्ति का सन्दर्भ देता है जो लम्बी यात्रा पर है, किन्तु अपनी यात्रा को बीच में ही छोड़कर प्रकृति का आनन्द लेना चाहता है। किन्तु शीघ्र ही उसे अन्तरात्मा से चेतना मिलती है कि उसे सोने से पहले बहुत लम्बा रास्ता तय करना है। उसके बाद ही वह आराम कर सकता है और सो सकती है। वास्तव में यात्रा का सम्बन्ध हमारी जीवन की यात्रा से है जिसमें प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अनन्त निद्रा में सोने से पूर्व अनेक कर्तव्य निभाने होते हैं। यही कारण है कि पण्डित नेहरू भी कविता के इस पद्यांश को बहुत प्यार करते थे एवं पसन्द करते थे।)

EXPLANATIONS (With Meanings & Hindi Translation)
(1)
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow. [2009]

[Word-meanings: woods = जंगल forest; to watch = देखना to see; fill up with snow = बर्फ से ढका हुआ covered with snow.] (मैं मानता हूँ कि मुझे ज्ञात है कि यह बाग किसका है। यद्यपि उसका मकान गाँव में है। फिर भी यदि मैं यहाँ ठहर जाऊँ तब वह मुझे नहीं देख सकेगा क्योंकि वह देखेगा कि उसका बाग बर्फ से ढका हुआ है।)

Reference : This stanza has been taken from the poem ‘Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening’ composed by Robert Frost who was known as one of the greatest of modern American poets.

[ N.B. : The above reference will be used for all the explanations of this poem. ]

Context : This is a poem about a man who, on his way home, is lured by the sight of snow and woods. He is tempted to break his journey. But he is reminded of his daily household duties.

Explanation : In this stanza the poet says that a traveller is attracted by the beauty of a garden which is covered with snow. He wants to break his journey and stay here for some time. He knows well who is the owner of this garden. He lives in a village at a little distance from here. He is sure that the owner will not be able to see him due to snow and darkness. Thus his stay in the garden will be quite safe.

(व्याख्या—इस पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि एक यात्री बाग की सुन्दरता से आकर्षित हो जाता है जो बर्फ से ढका हुआ है। वह अपनी यात्रा को तोड़ना चाहता है और यहाँ कुछ समय के लिए ठहरना चाहता है। वह भली प्रकार जानता है कि इस बाग का स्वामी कौन है। वह यहाँ से कुछ दूरी पर एक गाँव में रहता है। उसे निश्चित है कि बर्फ और अन्धेरे के कारण उसका मालिक उसे नहीं देख सकेगा। इस प्रकार बाग में उसका पड़ाव पूर्ण सुरक्षित होगा।)

(2)
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year. [2009]

[Word-meanings : queer = विचित्र strange; farmhouse = खलिहान के पास का घर, अस्तबल a house near the farm, stable; frozen = बर्फ से ढकी हुई covered with snow.] (यदि मैं यहाँ ठहर जाऊँ तब मेरा घोड़ा पास में बिना किसी मकान या अस्तबल के यहाँ ठहरना विचित्र समझेगा अर्थात् उसे परेशानी होगी। यह स्थान बाग के बीच में है, झील का पानी जम गया है तथा यह पूरे वर्ष की सबसे अँधेरी शाम है।)

Context : This is a poem about a man who, on his way home, is lured by the sight of the snow and woods. He is tempted to break his journey. But he is reminded of his daily household duties.

Explanation : In this stanza the poet says that the traveller wants to pass his night in the beautiful garden. But at the same time he thinks about his horse who will feel uneasiness here. It will be a strange and unusual thing for him because there is no covered place or stable nearby. A horse feels comfortable only in a stable. Moreover it is the darkest evening of the year. The garden’is covered with snow and the lake water is also frozen. So the horse will neither get anything for eating nor for drinking. N.B.: The animal does not appear to share the feelings of the man for the loveliness of woods.

(इस पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि यात्री अपनी रात सुन्दर बाग में बिताना चाहता है। किन्तु उसी समय अपने । घोड़े के विषय में सोचता है जो वहाँ परेशानी का अनुभव करेगा। यह उसके लिए अद्भुत और असाधारण ” बात होगी, क्योंकि वहाँ कोई ढका हुआ स्थान नहीं है और न पास में कोई अस्तबल। इसके अतिरिक्त यह पूरे वर्ष की सबसे अँधेरी रात है। बाग बर्फ से ढका हुआ है और झील का पानी भी जम गया है। इसलिए घोड़े को न तो कुछ खाने को मिलेगा और न पीने को। नोट–ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि घोड़ा बाग की सुन्दरता के विषय में मनुष्य की भावनाओं में हिस्सा बँटाना नहीं चाहता।)

(3)
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound’s the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake. [2018]

[Word-meanings : harness = लगाम; shake = झटका; sweep = वेग से चलने की आवाज swift gliding motion; easywind = धीमी हवा gentle wind; downy flake = छोटे-छोटे बर्फ के टुकड़े soft snow pieces.]

(घोड़ा अपनी लगाम में लगी हुई घण्टियों को झटके से हिलाता है जिसका अर्थ है कि वह अपने मालिक से पूछता है कि क्या वहाँ ठहरकर वह भूल तो नहीं कर रहा है। घण्टियों की आवाज के अतिरिक्त वहाँ धीमी-धीमी हवा के चलने की आवाज या पेड़ों पर गिरने वाले बर्फ के छोटे-छोटे टुकड़ों की ही आवाज सुनाई पड़ती है।)

Context : The traveller is tempted to stay in the garden because he is attracted by the beauty of the snow-covered garden. But at the same time he thinks that his horse will think it a strange thing and he will feel uneasiness here. . Explanation : In this stanza the poet says that inspite of his own desire to stay in the lovely woods the traveller is quite aware of discomfort and uneasiness of the horse. When the traveller was thinking about it, his horse shook his body and this caused a jingling of the bells tied to the harness. So there is either the sound of jingling of bells or the blowing of wind through the trees and of the snow pieces falling on the trees. Besides this there is perfect silence.

(इस पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि सुन्दर बाग में ठहरने की अपनी इच्छा के होते हुए भी यात्री घोड़े की परेशानी और असुविधा क्रे प्रति सचेत है। जब यात्री इस विषय में सोच ही रहा था तभी उसके घोड़े ने अपना शरीर हिलाया और इससे लगाम में बँधी हुई घण्टियाँ बजने लगीं। अतः वहाँ या तो घण्टियों के बजने की आवाज है या पेड़ों में से हवा के बहने की आवाज या पेड़ों पर गिरने वाले बर्फ के टुकड़ों की आवाज, इसके अतिरिक्त वहाँ पूर्ण शान्ति है।)

(4)
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep.
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep. [2009, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]

[Word-meanings : promises to keep = कार्य पूरे करना to carry out tasks or responsibilities; milestog० = लम्बी दूरी तय करना to go along distance; sleep= सोने जाना या अनन्त निद्रा immortal sleep.]

(बाग सुन्दर है, अँधेरा और घना है किन्तु मुझे अपने वायदे पूरे करने हैं अर्थात् अपने कार्य पूरे करने हैं। सोने से पहले मुझे लम्बी दूरी तय करनी है अर्थात् मृत्यु से पूर्व मुझे बहुत से कार्य पूरे करने हैं?)

Context : The traveller is tempted to stay in the garden because he is attracted by the beauty of the snow-covered garden. But at the same time he thinks that hiş horse will think it strange and he will feel uneasiness here.

Explanation : In this concluding stanza the traveller says that no doubt the garden is very beautiful and attractive. There is darkness and silence all-around. He wants to stay there. But at the same time he is reminded of the common duties which he has to fulfil before death, i.e. eternal death. N.B.: This stanza was favourite of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru because it reminded him of a lot of tasks which he had to perform in the service of the country.

(इस अन्तिम पद्यांश में यात्री कहता है कि इसमें कोई सन्देह नहीं कि बाग बहुत सुन्दर और आकर्षक है। चारों ओर अँधेरा और खामोशी है। वह वहाँ ठहरना चाहती है। किन्तु उसी समय उसे उन सामान्य कर्तव्यों की याद आ जाती है जो उसे मृत्यु अर्थात् शाश्वत मृत्यु से पूर्व पूरे करने हैं। विशेष : यह पद्यांश पं० जवाहरलाल नेहरू को इसलिए अत्यधिक पसन्द था क्योंकि यह उन्हें उन असंख्य कार्यों की याद दिलाता था जो उन्हें देश की सेवा के लिए पूरे करने थे। उन्होंने इन पंक्तियों को अपने कार्यालय की मेज पर रखा हुआ था।)

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On His Blindness Class 12 English Chapter 3 Question Answer UP Board Solutions

UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Poetry Short Poems Chapter 3 On His Blindness are part of UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English. Here we have given UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Poetry Short Poems Chapter 3 On His Blindness.

Board UP Board
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 12
Subject English Poetry short Poems
Chapter Chapter 3
Chapter Name On His Blindness
Category UP Board Solutions

UP Board Class 12th English Short Poems Chapter 3 On His Blindness Questions and Answers

English Class 12 UP Board Chapter 3 Question Answer

कक्षा 12 अंग्रेजी पाठ 3 के प्रश्न उत्तर

About the Poet : John Milton was born in London in 1608. He passed M. A. from Cambridge in 1632. He devoted himself to the study of classics, art, modern language and literature. Generally his writings are autobiographical. He lost his eye-sight at the age of 44 in 1652. Some of his famous works are : Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agoniste, etc. He died in 1674.

About the Poem : ‘On His Blindness’ is a personal sonnet expressing grief over his premature blindness. It is a complaint to God for this injustice. The poet was unable to use his poetic talent in the service of God. The poet soon realizes the supremacy of God and gets consolation.

Central Idea                                                                                                     [2010, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]
This sonnet of Milton expresses his grief over his premature blindness. He thinks he will not be able to use his poetic talent in the service of God. But soon he realizes that the best service to God is to bear the misfortunes and sufferings of life. These are given us by God to test our patience. So we should have faith in God.

(मिल्टन इस sonnet में समय से पूर्व अपने अन्धे हो जाने पर दु:ख प्रकट करता है। वह सोचता है कि वह अपने कविता के गुण को भगवान् की सेवा में प्रयोग नहीं कर सकेगा। किन्तु शीघ्र ही वह अनुभव करता है। कि भगवान् की सबसे अच्छी सेवा जीवन के कष्टों एवं आपदाओं को सहन करना है। ये हमें भगवान् द्वारा हमारे धैर्य की परीक्षा करने के लिए दी गई हैं। इसलिए हमें भगवान् में विश्वास रखना चाहिए।)

EXPLANATIONS (With Meanings & Hindi Translation) SHOES
(1)
When I consider how my light is spent
Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide,
And that one talent, which is death to hide,
Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent
To serve therewith my Maker, and present
My true account, lest He, returning, chide; [2014, 18]

[Word-meanings : consider = विचार करना think; light = आँखों का प्रकाश eye- sight; is spent = खो गई is lost; ere = पहले before; half my days = आधा जीवन half of my life; wide = व्यापक large; talent * कविता करने का गुण poetic talent; which is death to hide = जिसे मृत्यु छीन सकती है which can be taken away by death alone; lodged = है, पड़ा है lying; soul more bent = अधिक उत्सुक हूँ more willing या eager; therewith = उस उपहार से with it; Maker = रचयिता God; true account = सही हिसाब real work; lest = कहीं ऐसा न हो कि in order that not; returning = मृत्यु के बाद after death; chide = बुरा-भला कहना scold.]

(जब मैं (कवि) सोचता हूँ कि मैं अपने आधे जीवन से पूर्व ही अन्धा कैसे हो गया और यह संसार मेरे लिए अँधेरा तथा विशाल हो गया (तब मुझे दु:ख होता है)। मेरे पास एक गुण है (कविता करने का), जो मृत्यु तक मेरे पास रहेगा, उसे मैं (अन्धा होने के कारण) प्रयोग में नहीं ला सकेंगा। यद्यपि मेरी तीव्र इच्छा है कि मैं अपनी उस योग्यता से अपने ईश्वर की (कविता के द्वारा प्रशंसा करके) सेवा करू और मृत्यु के बाद भगवान् के समक्ष इस संसार में अपने कार्यों का सही लेखा-जोखा प्रस्तुत कर सकें। कहीं ऐसा न हो कि भगवान् मुझे मृत्यु के बाद डाँटे (कि मैंने कविता लिखकर उसकी सेवा क्यों नहीं की)।)

Reference : This stanza is an extract from John Milton’s poem ‘On His Blindness’.

[ N.B. : The above reference will be used for all the explanations of this poem. ]

Context : In these lines the poet expresses his grief over his premature blindness. But soon he realizes that he should not complain against God because God neither needs man’s work nor His own gifts. . Explanation: In this opening stanza we note that Milton is very much grieved when he thinks why he has become blind before half of his age. This world has become very wide and dark for him. God has given him a poetic talent which nobody can take away. But it is lying useless with him because in the absence sight he cannot compose poems. He is more eager to serve God but he is helpless. So he thinks that God will scold him when he is not able to justify his mission on the Day of Judgement.

(इस प्रथम पद्यांश में हम पाते हैं कि मिल्टन उस समय अत्यन्त दु:खी होता है जब वह सोचता है कि आधी आयु से पहले ही वह कैसे अन्धा हो गया। उसके लिए यह संसार बहुत विस्तृत तथा अन्धकारमय हो गया है। भगवान् ने उसे काव्य प्रतिभा प्रदान की है जिसे कोई भी नहीं छीन सकता। किन्तु यह उसके पास व्यर्थ ही पड़ी है, क्योकि आँखों की रोशनी के बिना वह काव्य रचना नहीं कर सकता। वह भगवान् की सेवा करने के लिए बहुत उत्सुक है, किन्तु असहाय है। इसलिए वह सोचता है कि जब निर्णय के दिन वह अपने कार्य को सही सिद्ध नहीं कर पाएगा तब भगवान् उसे डाटेंगे।)

Comments : In this stanza Milton’s feelings show his faith in God and Christianity.

(2)
‘Doth God exact day-labour, light denied ?
I fondly ask : but patience, to prevent,
That murmur, soon replies, ‘God doth not need’
Either man’s work, or His own gifts; who best,
Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best; [2012, 16, 17, 18]

[Word-meanings : denied = मना कर दिया refused; fondly = मूर्खता से foolishly; patience
= धैर्य power of endurance; to prevent = टाल देना, रोकना to stop; murmur = शिकायत complaint; mild = हल्का light; yoke = जुआ अर्थात् कष्ट sufferings.]

( मैं (कवि) मूर्खता से पूछता हूँ कि क्या भगवान् मुझसे पूरे दिन मेहनत कराना चाहता है, जबकि मेरी आँखों की रोशनी चली गई है अर्थात् मैं अन्धा हो गया हूँ। किन्तु तुरन्त मेरे इस विरोध (शिकायत) को रोकने के लिए धैर्य उत्तर देता है, “भगवान् को न तो मनुष्य के कार्य की आवश्यकता है और न अपने उपहारों की। जो व्यक्ति बिना सन्देह, शिकायत या प्रश्न किए हुए भगवान् के दिए कष्टों को सहन करते हैं वे भगवान् की सर्वोत्तम सेवा करते हैं।”)

Context : In these lines the poet expresses his grief over his premature blindness. But he is sad thinking that the talent of composing poems is lying useless with him although he is eager to serve God.

Explanation : In this stanza we note poet’s complaint to God and realization of his mistake. He foolishly asks if God is so unjust that He expects a blind man to write poems. But soon patience checks him and tells him that God neither wants to take. work from any man nor He has any need of the gifts given by Him. God has given punishment to man for his sins in the form of light sufferings. So the man who cheerfully bears the ‘misfortunes of life and takes them as the will of God, serves Him best. Thus the poet realizes that he should not complain against God.

(इसे पद्यांश में हम कवि की भगवान् के प्रति शिकायत तथा अपनी भूल का अनुभव करते हैं। वह मूर्खता से पूछता है कि क्या भगवान् इतना अन्यायी है कि वह एक अन्धे आदमी से भी कविता लिखने की आशा करता है। किन्तु तुरन्त धैर्य उसे रोकता है और उसे बताता है कि भगवान् न तो किसी व्यक्ति से काम लेना चाहता है। और ने उसे अपने द्वारा दिए हुए उपहार चाहिए। भगवान् ने मनुष्य को उसके पापों के लिए दण्ड हल्के कष्टों के रूप में दिए हैं। इसलिए वह मनुष्य जो जीवन के कष्टों को प्रसन्नतापूर्वक सहन करता है और उन्हें भगवान् की इच्छा के रूप में मानता है वह ही भगवान् की सबसे अच्छी सेवा करता है। इस प्रकार कवि यह अनुभव करता है कि उसे भगवान् के विरुद्ध शिकायत नहीं करनी चाहिए।)

Comments : In this stanza the poet has personified patience.

(3)
His state,
Is kingly : thousands at his bidding speed,
And post o’er land and ocean without rest;
They also serve who only stand and wait. [2009, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]

[Word-meanings : thousands = हजारों देवदूत thousands of angels; state = दशा, स्थिति position; bidding = 341511, order; speed = doi immediately; post = aut से घूमना-फिरना move speedily.]

(भगवान् की स्थिति राजाओं जैसी है। हजारों देवदूत उसकी आज्ञा पर बहुत तेजी से पृथ्वी पर भी और समुद्र पर भी लगातार घूम-फिर रहे हैं। वे व्यक्ति भी भगवान् की सेवा करते हैं जो शान्ति से खड़े रहते हैं और अपनी बारी की प्रतीक्षा करते हैं अर्थात् जो बिना शर्त के स्वयं को भगवान् की इच्छा के प्रति समर्पित कर देते हैं।)

Context : Milton became blind before half of his age. So he was very grieved. He thinks that the gift of poetry given by God is lying useless with him. He makes a
protest against God. But soon he realizes his mistake. He comes to know that unconditional surrender to the will of God is the best service to Him.

Explanation : In this concluding stanza the poet says that the position of God is like kings. Thousands of angels are running continuously over land and ocean. They do not take rest and travel from one place to another. They convey the message of God to the poeple everywhere at His order. The sufferings and misfortunes of life are given to us by God as a test. So the best service to God is to bear these sufferings without any complaint.

(इस अन्तिम पद्यांश में कवि कहता है कि भगवान् की स्थिति राजाओं के समान है। हजारों देवदूत पृथ्वी पर भी और समुद्र पर भी लगातार घूम रहे हैं। वे आराम भी नहीं करते और एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान तक यात्रा करते हैं। वे भगवान् का सन्देश उसकी आज्ञा पर प्रत्येक स्थान पर लोगों तक पहुँचाते हैं। जीवन के कष्ट और विपत्तियाँ भगवान् के द्वारा हमें परीक्षा के तौर पर दी गई हैं। इसलिए भगवान् की सबसे अच्छी सेवा इन कष्टों को बिना कोई शिकायत किये हुए सहन करना है।)

Comments : The last line of this stanza has become proverbial and is often quoted.

We hope the UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Poetry Short Poems Chapter 3 On His Blindness help you. If you have any query regarding UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Poetry Short Poems Chapter 3 On His Blindness, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Direct and Indirect Narration Exercises With Answers Class 12 English UP Board

UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Grammar Chapter 1 Direct and Indirect Narration are part of UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English. Here we have given UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Grammar Chapter 1 Direct and Indirect Narration.

Board UP Board
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 12
Subject English Grammar
Chapter Name Direct and Indirect Narration
Category UP Board Solutions

Excellent General English Grammar Book Class 12 Solutions Direct and Indirect Narration Exercises

Exercise 1

  1. The teacher said that as the air got heated up, it rose upwards.
  2. The college notice says that admit cards will be issued to Intermediate candidates on Monday.
  3. My daughter said that Mr. Tandon had rung up while I was out.
  4. The lawyer told the client that he must tell him the whole truth and shouldn’t conceal anything from him.
  5. My uncle said that when he was a student he used to take part in debate competitions.
  6. The tourist said that that city.ought to have more buses.
  7. The clerk told Pooja that he would get her leave sanctioned immediately and she needn’t worry about that.
  8. The passenger said that if the train hadn’t been late, he would have missed it.
  9. He said that the previous morning the fog was so dense that he couldn’t go for a walk.
  10. The speaker told the audience that they were responsible citizens of the country and they should preserve the solidarity of the nation.
  11.  Some saints told the people that they were coming to them to collect donations.
  12.  The teachers said to the minister that they wanted to get revised pay scales and that demand was on their priority.
  13. The mother tell her daughter that she is not feeling well. Hence she herself should take the breakfast from the kitchen.
  14. Some students told.me that they were proud of me as I explained them every thing very clearly.
  15.  The servant told his master that he had been serving him for twenty years. He added that as he was 65 years of age then he could not serve him any more.

Exercise 2

  1. The boys asked when the next test match would be played.
  2. The wife asked her husband why he downcast that day.
  3. I asked him where had he found that old postage stamp.
  4. The candidate enquired what was the last date for submitting the application.
  5. The caretaker asked who had broken the flower vase.
  6. The waiter asked the customer whether he would like to have tea or coffee.
  7. He asked if it was time to leave for the station.
  8. The teacher asked the boys if they had taken down the questions.
  9. Aruna asked Vimla if she knew Najma’s address.
  10. He enquired of his solicitor if he had found time to examine his documents.
  11. He asked me kindly if I would have a cup of tea with him.
  12. My mother asked me why did not I sleep when I did not want to study any more.
  13. I asked the moneylender if he could lend me
    5000/- for two months.
  14.  The old woman requested the young man politely to give her the seat.
  15.  The patient requested the doctor very politely to examine him before his turn as he was feeling very restless.

Exercise 3

  1. The leader requested the people to excuse him as he was really very late.
  2. My guest requested me to pass him the butter as he was unable to get it.
  3. The teacher forbade the students to make a noise till he came back in the class.
  4. The astrologer advised his customer to go to Shani temple every Saturday and worship Shani Dev sincerely for two years.
  5. The principal instructed the teachers to go to their classes at once as soon as the period started and not to leave the class before it ends.
  6. The doctor advised the patient to get himself admitted to the hospital till he felt better.
  7. The chemist advised the patient to wait till evening as that medicine was out of stock.
  8. The chief minister advised the other ministers to go to their constituencies and listen to the problems of the people.
  9. Our elders advise us to get up always early in the morning and walk in the open air for some time.
  10. We requested the librarian to give us the catalogue of fiction books in English.
  11. The receptionist requested the stranger to be seated and fill up that form correctly.
  12. The tourist requested him to arrange an AC four seated taxi for him for four days and three nights.
  13. All people advise us to respect our elders and obey our parents and teachers.

Exercise 4

  1. The servant prayed his master that he might be allowed to enjoy his holiday.
  2. The students proposed the games teacher that they should play a match with the students of Shadilal college.
  3. The gardener suggested them to let him water the plants.
  4. All the students proposed that they should finish their work as soon as possible.
  5. Prem requested his mother that he might be allowed to stay in the house till father returned.
  6. The magician suggested to the spectators that he might be allowed to prepare himself for the following show.
  7. The students requested the invigilator that they might be allowed to go outside as they had finished their work.
  8. The mother instructed her children to let her take a bath before she prepared the breakfast.
  9. The nurse instructed the patient to let her give him an injection and medicines before he took lunch.
  10. The trainees proposed to their coach that they should laugh as much as they could.
  11. The singer requested the audience that he might be allowed to sing a song of his own choice.
  12. The doctor asked the patient to let him examine his tests. He added that then he would give his prescription.
  13. The manager ordered them to let their director do what he thought proper.
  14. Shama requested her mother that she might be permitted to decide her life partner herself.
  15. The security guard suggested the visitor to let him seek the permission of the secretary before allowing him to enter.

Exercise 5

  1. The husband exclaimed with wonder that she was extremely beautiful.
  2. Addressing her son the mother exclaimed with sorrow that he had grown too weak.
  3. All the family members exclaimed with grief that their care taker had gone from this world forever.
  4. The captain exclaimed with joy that they had won the battle.
  5. The teacher exclaimed with contempt that his student had stupid.
  6. Some students exclaimed with joy that they had been selected in CPMT.
  7. The mother exclaimed with joy that her baby was then out of danger.
  8. The sailors exclaimed with awe that the storm was too dangerous.
  9. The traveller exclaimed with surprise that it was a too’stony pathway, hence it was really very troublesome to walk on it.
  10. The examinees exclaimed with despair that the paper was too difficult.

Exercise 6

  1. The mahatma prayed for me that God might give me courage enough to bear that loss.
  2. My father wished me that I might win the race.
  3. The doctor wished the patient that he might recover soon.
  4. The beggar wished me that I might live long and prosper.
  5. The teacher thanked the principal for sanctioning him long leave.
  6. All the sons wish their grand father good morning.
  7. My nephew bade me good night and hoped to see me the next morning.
  8. The citizens wished that their present prime minister might live long.
  9. A hermit wished me that I might progress in my spiritual practices.
  10. I wished my friend that he might secure the highest marks.

Exercise 7

  1. Some students bade me good morning respectfully.
  2. The servant thanked his master respectfully as he had helped him in his need.
  3. Calling a ivoman as his dear mother, the milkman told her that he always supplied her good milk.
  4. Netaji requested his loved countrymen too give him blood and he would give them freedom.
  5. Calling him cruel, a man asked the police inspector why he was beating him for no offence.
  6. The principal ordered the students to go to their class rooms as soon as the bell rang.
  7. My father advised me to go for walking in the morning if I wanted to maintain my health.
  8. The speaker requested to stay there till his speech was over.
  9. The captain ordered his soldiers not to run away from the battlefield if they wanted to get honour.
  10. The servant told his mistress that he was a poor man and promised that he would serve her day and night.

Exercise 8

1. Ram requested Shyam to come and tell him something. At this Shyam asked him what he wanted him to tell him. Ram answered that there was nothing special and he only wanted to know how many children had been born in Kolkata the previous day. Shyam answered that he couldn’t say and he was sure nobody would be able to give him that informaţion.

2. Mr. Sharma asked Arun when did he come from Kolkata. Arun answered respectfully that he had come the previous night. Mr. Sharma said that he was glad. He also said that he had not stayed there long and asked if his brother also had come back. Arun answered respectfully that he hadn’t because he was not well but he thought he would come in about a week.

3. Jack asked his father if he could go and play. Father asked him if he had finished his homework. Jack replied in the negative and that he could finish it after- wards. Disagreeing his father advised him to do his work first and play afterwards.

4. Hari asked Ramesh where had he been so long and said that he was expecting him earlier. Addressing Hari as his friend Ramesh said that he was not to blame because P.S.D. training took a lot of their time and that was the parade day and that was why he could not come earlier.

5. The doctor asked the patient how long had he been suffering from fever. The patient answered that the previous day he had to go to his village in rain and since then he had been suffering from fever. The doctor advised him to take that medicine regularly after an interval of three hours and further said that he would be alright in three days. At this the patient thanked the doctor respectfully.

Exercise 9

  1. The hunter proposed to his friend that they should take an aim as the lion was not far from them.
  2. The ticket collector said not to hesitate because he could not go without showing his ticket.
  3. The Gita says that we should do our duty and should not think of its result.
  4. The rickshaw puller requested to call another rickshaw puller as his rickshaw was not in working order.
  5.  The inspector asked the shopkeeper how he dared to weigh less to the people when they paid him full cost.
  6. The principal said that he should find another school for himself and need not come there at all.
  7. The fish again requested to put it back in the water then and catch him again when it had grow up.
  8. Kaikeyi reminded her dear husband that he had promised to grant him two boons to be asked any time according to her choice.
  9. Dashratha told his dear queen that he remembered his promise very well and he could never forget that.
  10. The people prayed that God might grant him a long life to serve the country.

Exercise 10

  1. An old man said to his sons, “Do not quarrel among yourselves.”
  2. I said to the postman, “Do you have any letter for me?”
  3. A saint said to me, “May God grant you a long life!”
  4. The players said, “Hurrah ! We have won the match.”
  5. He said to us, “Let us return home.”
  6. He said, “How costly the cloth is !”
  7. The leader said to the people, “I thank you for all your help. I could not win the election without your help.”
  8. The teacher said to Moti, “Leave the classroom at once and do not return.”
  9. The doctor said to me, “You are suffering from fever. You must be very careful in taking medicines.”
  10. The principal said, “Boys, are you fully prepared for the examination?”

Exercise 11
(From U.P. Board Examination Papers). (2011)

1.
(i) The captain applauded saying that he had won the match.
(ii) The teacher asked the student if he had completed his homework.

2.
(i) The traveller asked the peasant if he could tell him the way to the nearest inn.
(ii) The peasant answered him in affirmative and asked him if he wanted the one in which he could spend the night.

3.
(i) Ashish asked how he liked his new house.
(ii) Sheela said that she had lost her watch.

4.
(i) My father advised me to be punctual.
(ii) She advised that he must respect his parents.

5.
(i) She promised her friend to be rest assured and she would pay her back very soon.
(ii) I complained that they had not treated me fairly.

6.
(i) Addressing the cadets as the future sentinels of Mother India, the Director of the Military Academy, said that the country reposed great hope in them. He further advised them to work hard in a disciplined manner and come up to the expectations of the country.
(ii) The master asked the lazy servant as to what he was doing there in the backyard of the house.

7.
(i) Manindra said that he did not know his name.
(ii) My teacher told me that he would have only a cup of tea because he was indisposed. (2012)

8.
(i) The chief ordered the soldiers not to leave the post.
(ii) He said that man is mortal.

9.
(i) Rahul bade Prashant good night and said that they would meet again the next day.
(ii) He exclaimed with grief that he had dropped his purse somewhere and it had a handsome amount of money.

10.
(i) The wolf asked the lamb why he was making the water dirty.
(ii) The wolf warned the lamb that he had become very talkative and asked him to be silent otherwise he would eat him.

11.
(i) She said that she liked her house.
(ii) I asked him if he was going.

12.
(i) He suggested not to stop till we reached our goal.
(ii) He told me the previous day that he would return my book the next day.

13.
(i) Addressing the large gathering at Ramlila Maidan as his dear noble countrymen, Jawaharlal Nehru promised them that he would ever remain serving the cause of Mother India.
(ii) Hari asked Ram if he had completed his homework. Ram answered in negative. Hari asked him its reason. Ram answered that he could not complete his homework because he could not get time to complete it. (2013)

14.
(i) The teacher became angry with the student and asked why he had disturbed the class in that way and reminded him that he had told him before that when he was speaking, he should be silent. He further ordered him to leave the room and not to return again that day.
(ii) The robber told Alexander that he was his captive, he must hear what he was pleased to say and endure what he was pleased to inflict. He further said that his soul ws unconquered.

15.
(i) The chairman proposed that they should pass on to the next item.
(ii) The refugee woman requested the shopkeeper to help her starimg children.

16.
(i) He requested to let him go to zoo the next day.
(ii) She told her parents yesterday that she did not like physics.

17.
(i) Her mother enquired my age.
(ii) Jaya asked Ramesh as to wher did he live.

18.
(i) He said that he had lost his pen.
(ii) The union leader suggested that they should show the bosses that they were united. (2014)

19.
(i) The teacher asked the student why he had come so late that day?
(ii) The mother advised her daughter not to play outside in the sun.

20.
(i) The teacher said that the sun sets in the West.
(ii) He proposed that they should stop there and rest for a while.

21.
(i) Sarla enquired of Vimala if she would call on her in the evening. Vimla replied in the affirmative.
(ii) John asked Richard whether he would go to school that day. Richard declined. At this John asked him its reason. Richard told John that he would not go because his mother was ill and he had to look after her.

22.
(i) He said that he must go.
(ii) He said that I was a student.

23.
(i) He said that that was his book.
(ii) He wished that I might have a happy journey. (2015)

24.
(i) My father asked me why I was so eager to go to the picture that day.
(ii) He exclaimed that it was a good chance.

25.
(i) My father asked my friend why he did not brought his father to them that day.
(ii) I proposed to my friend that we should go on a trip to the Punjab.

26.
(i) The teacher asked Ramesh where he was going.
(ii) He requested his father to let him attend the marriage party of his friend.
27.
(i) Rajesh said that he had bought a car the previous day.
(ii) He wished that I might succeed.

28.
(i) He said that he must go.
(ii) He told me that I am happy.

29.
(i) My teacher advised me to work hard and that I would surely succeed.
(ii) The beggar requested the passer-by to give him five rupees.

30.
(i) I often tell my friends that they are all very dear to me.
(ii) I asked him if he had not promised to come. (2016)

31.
(i) The poor girl request him to help her in her hour of need.
(ii) The boy asked his teacher respectfully if he might enter the class.

32.
(i) He said that we are all sinners.
(ii) Ram said that he had a meeting last night.

33.
(i) She will tell me that I am not sincere to her.
(ii) The devotee expressed sorrow, that his Guru was dead.

34.
(i) He said that God rules and governs all things.
(ii) He asked me why I had struck him.

35.
(i) He exclaimed with joy that it was a very good opportunity.
(ii) He wished that his father might live long.
Or
He wished a long life for his father.

36.
(i) The teacher asked me very angrily why I had come. He further asked if he had not told me, never to see (should be show) my face again.
(ii) He thanked me. (2017)

37.
(i) I will say to the judge that he is innocent.
(ii) I told him that he should consider his decision.

38.
(i) The cricket team exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
(ii) He wished his friends good morning and asked how they were.

39.
(i) She exclaimed with sorrow that how foolish she had been.
(ii) Ravi asked him whether he did write a good hand.

40.
(i) The teacher said that the sun sets in the west:
(ii) My friend advised me not to bathe in the flooded river.

41.
(i) He called him ruffian and threatended to take him to the police station.
(ii) He wished his friend good morning and asked how he was.

42.
(i) Addressing the ladies and gentlemen, the leader said that he was thankful to all of them.
(ii) Sudha asked me whether I did not love her.

43.
(i) He said that he was misled.
(ii) His father exclaimed with joy that he had secured distinction in three subjects.

44.
(i) He proposed that they (we) should not say anything about it till they hear the facts. (2018)
(ii) The doctor advised the patient not to eat fried substances.

45.
(i) The stranger asked me where I live.
(ii) He exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone.

46.
(i) All the boys applauded us saying that our game was excellent.
(ii) The Principal asked the boy why he was still waiting there when he had already told him that he was so busy that he could not see him that day.

We hope the UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Grammar Chapter 1 Direct and Indirect Narration help you. If you have any query regarding UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Grammar Chapter 1 Direct and Indirect Narration, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

My Heaven Class 12 English Chapter 8 Question Answer UP Board Solutions

UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Poetry Short Poems Chapter 8 My Heaven are part of UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English. Here we have given UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Poetry Short Poems Chapter 8 My Heaven.

Board UP Board
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 12
Subject English Poetry short Poems
Chapter Chapter 8
Chapter Name My Heaven
Category UP Board Solutions

UP Board Class 12th English Short Poems Chapter 8 My Heaven Questions and Answers

English Class 12 UP Board Chapter 8 Question Answer

कक्षा 12 अंग्रेजी पाठ 8 के प्रश्न उत्तर

About the Poet : Rabindranath Tagore is one of the most famous poets of India. He was born in Kolkata on May 6, 1861. He was educated mostly at home. He won Noble Prize in 1931. He had a great insight in the understanding of human life. He died in 1941.

About the Poem : In this poem Rabindranath Tagore expresses his love for India. So he describes what type of country he wants and prays to God likewise. This poem is an extract from his famous work Gitanjali a collection of short poems.

Central Idea                                                                                [2009, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]
In this poem the poet imagines a country where the people’s minds should be free from fear and narrow mindedness. They should have no distinction of caste, race or language. They should not be conservative. They should share knowledge freely and use their reason in thinking and doing. They should follow the path of Truth under the guidance of God. Then his country will be heaven on earth.

(इस कविता में कवि रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर एक ऐसे देश की कल्पना करते हैं जहाँ लोगों का मस्तिष्क भय और संकीर्ण दृष्टिकोण से मुक्त हो। उनमें जाति, धर्म या भाषा का कोई भेदभाव न हो। वे रूढ़िवादी न हों। वे ज्ञान को स्वतन्त्रतापूर्वक बाँटें और विचारों तथा कार्यों में अपनी तर्क-शक्ति का प्रयोग करें। वे भगवान् के मार्गदर्शन में सत्य के मार्ग का अनुसरण करें। तब यह देश इस पृथ्वी पर स्वर्ग बन जाएगा।)

EXPLANATIONS (With Meanings & Hindi Translation)
(1)
Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;
Where knowledge is free;
Where the world has not been broken up into fragments
by narrow domestic walls;
Where words come out from the depth of truth; [2016]

[Word-meanings : fragments = टुकड़े pieces; narrow domestic walls = जाति, धर्म, भाषा आदि के आधार पर आन्तरिक विभाजन internal divisions due to caste, creed, language, etc.)

(यहाँ टैगोर बताते हैं कि स्वतन्त्रता वहाँ है जहाँ लोगों के मस्तिष्क में कोई भय न हो और जहाँ सम्मान से सिर ऊँचा रहता हो। जहाँ ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रत्येक व्यक्ति स्वतन्त्र हो। जहाँ संसार धर्म, जाति तथा भाषा के आधार पर छोटे-छोटे टुकड़ों में विभाजित न हो और जहाँ विचार हृदय की गहराई से प्रकट होते हों अर्थात् जहाँ किसी को धोखा न दिया जाता हो।)

Reference : These lines have been taken from the poem My Heaven composed by R.N. Tagore.

Context : It is an extract from the famous work of Tagore ‘Gitanjali’. In this poem the poet expresses his lofty concept of freedom. He does not want political freedom. But he wants freedom in every field of life, social or spiritual.

Explanation : In this stanza the poet advises his countrymen to know the meaning of true happiness and to enjoy it. They should live in an atmosphere free from fear where they feel themselves proud and dignified. They should have self-respect. Everybody should be free in getting knowledge and in using his reasoning power. Society should not be divided into small sections on the narrow basis of religion, caste and language. They should be true to everyone.

(इस पद्यांश में कवि देशवासियों को शिक्षा देता है कि वे सच्ची प्रसन्नता का अर्थ जाने और उसका आनन्द लें। उन्हें भय मुक्त वातावरण में रहना चाहिए जहाँ वे स्वयं को गौरवान्वित अनुभव कर सकें। उनमें आत्म-सम्मान भी होना चाहिए। प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को ज्ञान प्राप्त करने और अपनी तर्क-शक्ति को प्रयोग करने की स्वतन्त्रता होनी चाहिए। समाज धर्म, जाति और भाषा के आधार छोटे-छोटे वर्गों में विभाजित न हों, वे सभी के लिए सच्चे हों।)

(2)
Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection;
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way
into the dreary desert sand of dead habit;
Where the mind is led forward by Thee into ever-widening
thought and action –
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake. [2010, 12, 15, 18]

[ Word-meanings : tireless = लगातार constant; striving = संघर्ष struggle; stretches = फैलाता है spreads; reason = तर्क-शक्ति thinking power; dreary = उदासीन, नीरस dull; dead habit = पुराने रीति-रिवाज old customs which are useless now; ever-widening = सदा विकास करने वाला ever progressing; my Father = भगवान् God.]

(इस पद्यांश में कवि भगवान् से प्रार्थना करता है कि वह एक विशेष प्रकार का वातावरण देश को प्रदान करे। उसके देशवासी उन्नति तथा विकास के लिए निरन्तर प्रयास एवं संघर्ष करते रहें जब तक कि वे पूर्णता को प्राप्त न कर लें। लोग उन पुरानी परम्पराओं एवं रीति-रिवाजों को न मानें जिनका अब कोई महत्त्व ही नहीं है, बल्कि वे अपनी तर्क-शक्ति का प्रयोग करें। वे विशाल दृष्टिकोण से सोचने एवं उसी के अनुरूप कार्य करने में अपनी बुद्धि का उपयोग करें। इस प्रकार का वातावरण वास्तव में स्वतन्त्रता का वातावरण होगा और लोग अपने देश को स्वर्ग जैसा समझेंगे। अत: कवि भगवान् से प्रार्थना करता है कि वह उसके देशवासियों को जाग्रत करे और उनमें यह सभी सद्गुण भरे।)

Reference : These lines have been taken from the poem My Heaven composed by R.N. Tagore.

Context : This poem is an extract from the famous work of Tagore named Gitanjali. In this poem the poet expresses his lofty concept of freedom. He does not want political freedom. But he wants freedom in every walk of life, social or spiritual.

Explanation : In this concluding stanza the poet prays to God that He should give his countrymen some virtues so that they may feel that they are living in heaven. He wants that his countrymen should struggle hard to progress in their life till they reach perfection. They should use their mind and reason in thinking and doing any work. Their outlook in every field should be very wide. Such an atmosphere of freedom will be worth living and his countrymen would think themselves living in heaven.

(इस अन्तिम पद्यांश में कवि भगवान् से प्रार्थना करता है कि वह उसके देशवासियों को कुछ ऐसे गुण प्रदान करे जिससे वे यह अनुभव करें मानो वे स्वर्ग में रह रहे हैं। वह चाहता है कि उसके देशवासी अपने जीवन में उन्नति करने के लिए उसे समय तक संघर्ष करें जब तक कि वे पूर्णता को प्राप्त न कर लें। वे अपना मस्तिष्क और तर्क-शक्ति सोचने तथा कार्य करने में प्रयोग करें। प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में उनका दृष्टिकोण व्यापक होना चाहिए। स्वतन्त्रता का ऐसा वातावरण रहने योग्य होगा और उसके देशवासी ऐसा अनुभव करेंगे मानो वे स्वर्ग में रह रहे हैं।)

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The Heritage of India Class 12 English Chapter 7 Question Answer UP Board Solutions

UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Prose Chapter 7 The Heritage of India are part of UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English. Here we have given UP Board Solutions for Class 12 English Prose Chapter 7 The Heritage of India.

Board UP Board
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 12
Subject English Prose
Chapter Chapter 7
Chapter Name The Heritage of India
Number of Questions Solved 20
Category NCERT Solutions

UP Board Class 12th English Prose Chapter 7 The Heritage of India Questions and Answers

English Class 12 UP Board Chapter 7 Question Answer

कक्षा 12 अंग्रेजी पाठ 7 के प्रश्न उत्तर

LESSON at a Glance

A.L. Basham, the author of this lesson, was deeply interested in Indian culture, its traditions and customs. He makes us realize that the ancient Hindu civilization, assimilating the best in different cultures, continues with its cultural tradition which will never be lost.

According to the author, Mahatma Gandhi developed the theme of social service as a religious duty, and the development still continues. The author believes that Gandhiji, though an epitome of Hindu tradition, was much influenced by Western ideas. His passionate love of the undeveloped and his antipathy to caste, were unorthodox in the extreme and owed more to European 19th century liberalism than anything Indian. This championing of women’s right is also the result of Western influence.

But there is no denying to the fact that Gandhi and his followers of the Indian National Congress have given new orientation and new life to Hindu culture, after centuries of stagnation. Indians of coming generations will not be unconvincing and self-conscious copies of Europeans, but will be men rooted in their traditions, and aware of continuity of their culture.

In the past, Hindu civilization has received, adapted and digested elements of many different cultures—Indo European, Mesopotamian, Iranian, Greek, Roman, Scythian, Turkish, Persian and Arab. With each new influence it has somewhat changed. Now it is well on the way to assimilating the culture of the West.

पाठ का हिन्दी अनुवाद

(1) Ram Mohan Roy ………………… successors.
राममोहन राय ने समाज-सुधार की जोरदार वकालत करके नये युग को सूत्रपात किया। विवेकानन्द ने इसे और अधिक राष्ट्रीय सुर में दोहरायो जब उन्होंने घोषित किया कि महान् माता (भारतमाता) की सेवा सर्वोच्च समाज-सेवा है। अन्य महान् भारतीयों ने भी, जिनमें मुख्य महात्मा गाँधी थे, समाज-सेवा के विषय को धार्मिक कर्तव्य के रूप में विकसित किया और यह विकास गाँधी जी के उत्तराधिकारियों के अधीन भी चल रहा है।

(2) Mahatma Gandhi was ………………… stagnatton.
बहुत से भारतीय भी और यूरेपियन भी महात्मा गाँधी को हिन्दी परम्परा के प्रतीक मानते थे। किन्तु यह एक झूठा निर्णय था, क्योंकि वे पाश्चात्य विचारों से बहुत प्रभावित थे। गाँधीजी अपनी प्राचीन संस्कृति के आधारभूत सिद्धान्तों में विश्वास करते थे। यद्यपि प्राचीन भारत में उनका दलितों के प्रति अत्यधिक प्यार और
जात-पाँत से अत्यधिक घृणा अनूठी थी फिर भी वे अत्यधिक रूढ़िवादी न थे और किसी भी भारतीय बात ‘ की अपेक्षा उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के यूरोप में उदारवाद के अधिक ऋणी थे। जैसा कि हम देख चुके हैं उनका
अहिंसा में विश्वास किसी भी प्रकार हिन्दुत्व की विशेषता नहीं थी। विद्रोह में उनसे पहले उनके पूर्वज, मराठा ब्राह्मण बी० जी० तिलक तथा गाँधीजी के कट्टर अनुयायी सुभाषचन्द्र बोस इस सम्बन्ध में कहीं अधिक

कट्टर थे। गाँधीजी की शान्तिवाद की नीति के लिए ईसा का व्याख्यान ‘सर्मन ऑन दी मॉउण्ट’ तथा टॉल्सटॉय की ओर देखना चाहिए। स्त्रियों के अधिकारों के लिए उनका समर्थन भी पाश्चात्य प्रभाव का ही परिणाम था। अपने सामाजिक सन्दर्भ में वे सदा रूढ़िवादी होने की अपेक्षा आधुनिक अधिक थे। यद्यपि उनके कुछ साथी उनके सीमित समाज-सुधार के कार्यक्रम को अत्यधिक धीमा मानते थे फिर भी हिन्दू विचार के समस्त बल को जाति तथा वर्ग की प्रणाली के स्थान पर एक प्रसिद्ध तथा समानता के आधार वाले सामाजिक ढाँचे की ओर ले जाने में उन्हें सफलता मिली। उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के कम विख्यात सुधारक के कार्य को आगे बढ़ाकर गाँधीजी ने तथा भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के उनके अनुयायियों ने हिन्दू संस्कृति को जो शताब्दियों से निर्जीव पड़ी थी, नया जीवन प्रदान किया है।

(3) Today there are ………………… culture of the West.
आज ऐसे भारतीय बहुत कम हैं जिनका धार्मिक विश्वास चाहे कुछ भी हो किन्तु जो अपनी प्राचीन संस्कृति को गर्व से न देखते हों और ऐसे भारतीय भी बहुत कम हैं जो उसकी दुर्बलताओं को बलिदान करने को तैयार न हों ताकि भारत उन्नति और विकास कर सके। राजनीतिक एवं आर्थिक दोनों क्षेत्रों में भारत कठिन समस्याओं का सामना कर रहा है और कोई भी व्यक्ति निश्चित रूप से उसके भविष्य के विषय में भविष्यवाणी नहीं कर सकता। किन्तु निश्चित रूप से यह भविष्यवाणी की जा सकती है कि भारत का भविष्य चाहे कुछ भी हो किन्तु भावी पीढ़ियों के भारतीय यूरोप के लोगों की बिना सोचे-समझे नकल करने वाले नहीं होंगे, किन्तु वे ऐसे व्यक्ति होंगे जो अपनी परम्पराओं में दृढ़ हों तथा अपनी संस्कृति की निरन्तरता को पहचानें। स्वतन्त्रता-प्राप्ति के केवल सात वर्ष बाद ही राष्ट्रीय आत्म-ग्लानि और सांस्कृतिक वैभव के लिए उन्माद की अति समाप्त हो रही है। हमें विश्वास है कि हिन्दू सभ्यता समन्वय के अत्यधिक आश्चर्यजनक कार्य को करने के योग्य है। भूतकाल में इसने बहुत-सी भिन्न-भिन्न संस्कृतियों के तत्त्वों को स्वीकार करके अपनाया है और अपने में मिलाया है; जैसे—इण्डो-यूरोपियन, मेसोपोटामिया, ईरान, यूनान, रोम, सीरिया, तुर्की, फारस तथा अरब की संस्कृति। प्रत्येक नये प्रभाव के साथ यह कुछ बदली है। अब यह पाश्चात्य संस्कृति को मानते हुए ठीक रास्ते पर चल रही है।

(4) Hindu civilization ………………… ways of the West.
हमें विश्वास है कि हिन्दू सभ्यता अपनी निरन्तरता को बनाए रखेगी। भगवद्गीता कर्मशील व्यक्तियों को । प्रेरणा देना बन्द नहीं करेगी और उपनिषद् विचारशील व्यक्तियों को। भारतीय जीवन की सुन्दरता और भलाई बनी रहेग्म चाहे यह पश्चिम की मेहनत बचाने वाले उपायों से कितनी ही प्रभाविते क्यों न हो। लोग महाभारत और रामायण के वीरों की कहानियों से प्यार करते रहेंगे तथा दुष्यन्त, शकुन्तला, पुरुरवा तथा उर्वशी के प्रेम को भी। वह शान्त और सज्जनता से पूर्ण आनन्द जो प्रत्येक काल में भारतीय जीवन में व्याप्त रहा और जहाँ दमन, बीमारी और गरीबी इस पर प्रभाव नहीं डाल सके हैं, वह पश्चिम के उत्तेजना से भरपूर जीवन के ढंगों के सामने निश्चित रूप से गायब नहीं होगा।

(5) Much that was ………………… never be lost. [2018]
प्राचीन भारतीय संस्कृति में जो बेकार था उसमें से बहुत कुछ पहले ही नष्ट हो चुका है। वैदिक युग की विनाशकारी और असभ्य सार्वजनिक बलि बहुत पहले ही भुला दी गई है फिर भी कुछ वर्गों में पशु-बलि अभी जारी है। विधवाओं को अपने पति की चिताओं पर भस्म होना बन्द हो चुका है। कानून के अनुसार लड़कियों का बचपन में विवाह नहीं हो सकता। पूरे भारतवर्ष में बसों और रेलगाड़ियों में ब्राह्मण अत्यधिक शुद्धता का विचार किये बिना नीची जाति के लोगों से मिलजुल सकते हैं और मन्दिर कानूनन सभी के लिए खुले हैं।
जाति-भेद अदृश्य होता जा रहा है। यह प्रक्रिया बहुत दिनों पहले आरम्भ हो गई थी किन्तु अब इसकी रफ्तार इतनी तेज है कि जाति को अत्यधिक आपत्तिजनक स्वरूप लगभग एक पीढ़ी में ही समाप्त हो जाएगा। पुरानी प्रणाली आज की परिस्थितियों के अनुकूल हो रही है। वास्तव में पूरे भारत का रूप बदल रहा है, किन्तु सांस्कृतिक परम्परा जारी है और यह कभी भी समाप्त नहीं होगी।

Understanding the Text

Explanations
Explain one of the following passages with reference to the context :
(1) Ram Mohan Roy had ………………… Gandhiji ‘s successors. [2010, 18]
Reference : These lines have been taken from the lesson ‘The Heritage of India’written by Sh.A.L. Basham. [ N.B. : The above reference will be used for all explanations of this lesson.)

Context : In this lesson the author describes his experiences about Indian culture, its traditions and customs which he felt during his short stay in India. He makes us realize that the ancient Hindu civilization assimilating the best in different cultures continues with its cultural tradition which will never be lost.

Explanation : In this opening paragraph the author tells us that Ram Mohan Roy expressed the need of social reform and started a new age. Then Vivekanand also repeated it in another way saying that the service of Bharat Mata is the greatest social service. Other Indians also, the main among whom is—Mahatma Gandhi developed this topic as the religious duty. The successors of Gandhiji also continued this development,

(2) Mahatma Gandhi ………………… to anything Indian. [2010]
Context : In this lesson the author describes his experiences about Indian culture, its traditions and customs which he felt during his short stay in India. He makes us realize that the ancient Hindu civilization assimilating the best in different cultures continues with its cultural tradition which will never be lost.

Explanation : In these lines the author says that many Indians as well as foreigners regard Mahatma Gandhi as the epitome of Hindu tradition. But the writer does not agree with this statement because Gandhiji was much influenced by western ideas. His passionate love of the under developed and his antipathy to caste, were unorthodux in the extreme and owed more to European 19th century liberalism than anything Indian.

(3) His championing ………………… class and caste. [2009]
Context: Here the author says that there was a great influence of West on Gandhiji. Gandhiji was not a man of conservative views. He realised the pitiable condition of down-trodden and low caste people. So, he worked hard for them.

Explanation : Gandhiji was not an orthodox follower of old theories. In social field he always preferred a change in old theories and customs. Some of his followers thought that the speed of Gandhiji was very slow. But this was not true. Gandhiji established a new society based on equality. He abolished the class and caste system from the society. Thus, he gave a new shape and new life to Hindu culture.

(4) Today there are ………………… with any certainty. [2013]
Context : Here the author tells us about the greatness of Indian culture and traditions. For many centuries–there had been no change in it. But in 20th century Gandhiji brought many changes in it and moulded it according to needs of modern society.

Explanation : In these lines the author says that Indian culture is very old and great. Most of Indian people are proud of their old culture without any distinction of caste or creed. They are also ready to sacrifice the weaknesses of their cult They know well that without removing the weaknesses and shortcomings of Indian culture, country cannot make progress. So, the outlook of every Indian is pragmatic. At present India is facing many difficult political and economical problems. So it can’t be forecasted what would be the future of India.

(5) Politically and ………………… feat of synthesis. [2009, 14, 16, 17]
Context : Here the author tells us that most of the Indian people are proud of their culture. Yet they are ready to sacrifice its shortcomings so that India may develop and progress.

Explanation : Here the author points out that in the present time in India there are so many political and economical problems. They seem to be very difficult to be solved. So, no one can forecast about the future of India. The author says that in ancient time the people were blind followers of the West. But the coming generations will not copy them blindly. They will use their own reason in copying any change in their culture, it is also sure that they will retain the continuity of their culture. After independence, the achievements of India are that the factors of national selfcondemnation and unreasoning enthusiasm for the glory of our country are disappearing.

(6) Already, after ………………… feat of synthesis. [2018]
Context : Here the author says that every Indian concerns with the progress of India. In ancient time they were blind followers of the West. But the people of coming generations do not copy them blindly. They use their own reason.

Explanation : In these lines the author says that only seven years have passed when we ndence. But a great change in the outlook and mentality of our people is noted. We see that the factors of national self-condemnation and unreasoning enthusiasm for the glory of our own country are disappearing. Now the people of India are busy in combining the different people and different elements although this is a very difficult work.

(7) Hindu civilization ………………… of the West. [2009, 13, 18]
Or
The quiet and ………………… of the West. [2015]
Context : Here the author tells us about the continuity of Hindu civilization. Our religious books have always inspired us and will go on inspiring in future also.

Explanation : In these lines the author says that Hindu civilization will never cease. But it will go on as usual. The Bhagavad Gita will always teach us to work and Upanishads to think deeply. It is possible that the people of India may follow the labour saving devices of the West but they will not forget the ideals of religious books e.g., the Mahabharata, the Ramayana etc. Calm and gentle happiness has ever been the characteristic of Indian life and people will never forget it. Western hectic ways of hurry and worry will be away from us.

(8) Much that was ………………… generation or so. [2009, 18]
Context : The author says that there are so many old customs in the society, but there is no existence of these customs now. This is only due to the change of time.

Explanation : The author says that time is changing rapidly. The cruel customs of the Vedic period do not attract a man of modern age. Now Sati Pratha is not in existence. Now widows are not burnt with the dead bodies of their husband. There is no childhood marriage system, because this system is illegal now. In buses, trains and aeroplanes Brahman and Thakur travel with lowest castes. They do not feel ashamed. Now all castes are equal according to law. So the conclusion of author is that the Indian civilization will never perish. Hindu culture is not accepting distinction between persons. Now Indian society is free from untouchability system. There is no high or low caste in Indian society. The process of rejection of distinction between persons began before sometime, but now this process is in high speed. The author’s hope is that after present generation this useless and dangerous evil of caste system will vanish from the society.

(9) Caste is vanishing ………………… never be lost. [2009, 10, 17, 18]
Context : Here the author says that in 20th century a tremendous change has been brought in Indian culture. The main changes are abolition of animal sacrifice, caste system, burning of widows, child marriage, untouchability, etc.

Explanation : To conclude his views the author says that caste system has been vanishing at a very high speed and very soon the points on which the people disagree will be totally abolished. A great change in family system also is seen and people are moulding it according to the present condition. Although there are changes in every field yet the cultural tradition will continue. Thus, we can say that many social evils have been abolished in 20th century for the good of the society.

Short Answer Type Questions

Answer one of the following questions in not more than 30 words:
Question 1.
What did Ram Mohan Roy advocate ? [2009, 18]
(राम मोहन राय ने क्या वकालत की?)
Answer :
Ram Mohan Roy advocated social reform.
(राम मोहन राय ने समाज-सुधार की वकालत की।)

Question 2.
What, according to Vivekananda, was the highest form of service of the Great Mother ? [2016]
(विवेकानन्द के अनुसार भारत माँ की सबसे बड़ी सेवा क्या थी?)
Answer :
According to Vivekananda the highest form of service of the Great Mother was social service.
(विवेकानन्द के अनुसार भारत माँ की सबसे बड़ी सेवा समाज-सेवा थी।)

Question 3.
What contribution did Ram Mohan Roy and Swami Vivekanand make to the Indian society ?
(राम मोहन राय तथा स्वामी विवेकानन्द को भारतीय समाज के लिए क्या योगदान रहा?)
Answer :
Ram Mohan Roy and Swami Vivekanand both were ardent social-servants and worked for social upliftment throughout their life. While Ram Mohan Roy advocated social reform, Swami Vivekanand believed the greatest service to the country was social service.
(राजा राम मोहन राय तथा स्वामी विवेकानन्द दोनों ही समाज सेवा के लिए तत्पर रहते थे और उन्होंने आजीवन समाज की उन्नति के लिए कार्य किए। जहाँ राजा मोहन राय समाज-सुधार की वकालत करते थे तो स्वामी विवेकानन्द समाज-सुधार को ही देश की महानतम सेवा मानते थे।)

Question 4.
What do you understand by ‘social service as a religious duty’ ?
(‘समाज सेवा धार्मिक कर्त्तव्य है’ से आप क्या समझते हैं?)
Answer :
“Social service is a religious duty’ means that we should serve all human beings without any distinction of caste, creed and colour.
(‘समाज-सेवा धार्मिक कर्तव्यं है इसका अर्थ यह है कि हम सभी मनुष्यों की सेवा बिना जाति, धर्म या रंग के भेदभाव से करें।)

Question 5.
“Mahatma Gandhi was looked on as the epitome of Hindu tradition.” Why does the author call it a false statement ?
(“महात्मा गाँधी को हिन्दू परम्परा के प्रतीक के रूप में देखा जाता था।” लेखक इसे झूठा वक्तव्य क्यों कहता है?)
Answer :
Mahatma Gandhi was greatly influenced by western ideas. So the author does not agree with the statement that Mahatma Gandhi was looked on as the epitome of Hindu tradition.
(‘महात्मा गाँधी पाश्चात्य विचारों से बहुत प्रभावित थे। इसलिए लेखक इसे वक्तव्य से सहमत नहीं है कि गाँधीजी को हिन्दू परम्परा का प्रतीक माना जाता था।)

Question 6.
Which three great Indians who tool
ise of social service have been mentioned here ?
(कौन-से तीन महान् भारतीयों का उल्लेख यहाँ किया गया है जिन्होंने समाज सेवा के कार्य को अपनाया?)
Answer :
The three great Indians who took up the cause of social service are :
1. Ram Mohan Roy,
2. Vivekanand,
3. Mahatma Gandhi.
(तीन महान् भारतीय जिन्होंने समाज सेवा के कार्य को अपनाया; वे हैं :
1. राम मोहन राय,
2. विवेकानन्द,
3. महात्मा गाँधी।)

Question 7.
In what ways was Gandhiji influenced by the European 19th century liberalism ?
(किस प्रकार गाँधीजी उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के यूरोप के उदारवाद से प्रभावित हुए?)
Answer :
Gandhiji was influenced by the European 19th century liberalism in his love for the poor and his dislike for caste system.
(गाँधीजी उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के उदारवाद से गरीबों के प्रति प्रेम और जाति-प्रथा के प्रति घृणा से प्रभावित हुए।)

Question 8.
In what ways was Gandhian philosophy moulded ?
(किस प्रकार गाँधीजी की विचारधारा बदली ?)
Answer :
European 19th century liberalism, discourse of Jesus Christ and Tolstoy moulded Gandhian philosophy. He began to love the poor and disliked caste system. (यूरोप के उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के उदारवाद तथा ईसा मसीह एवं टॉलस्टॉय के उपदेश ने गाँधीजी की विचारधारा को बदल दिया। वे गरीबों से प्रेम करने लगे तथा जाति-प्रथा से उन्हें घृणा हो गई।)

Question 9.
What were the main sources of Gandhiji’s philosophy of life ?
(गाँधीजी के जीवन की विचारधारा के मुख्य स्रोत कौन-कौन से थे ?)
Answer :
The main sources of Gandhiji’s philosophy of life were Christ’s Sermon on the Mount and Tolstoy, the great Russian writer.
(गाँधीजी की जीवन की विचारधारा के मुख्य स्रोत ईसा मसीह के पहाड़ी पर दिए उपदेश तथा रूस का महान् लेखक टॉलस्टॉय थे।)

Question 10.
“Gandhiji was always rather an innovator than a conservative.” How?
(“गाँधीजी रूढ़िवादी होने की अपेक्षा नई बातों के चलाने वाले अधिक थे।” कैसे?).
Answer :
Gandhiji did not believe in caste system and untouchability. He gave a new shape on the basis of equality. So, he was an innovator rather than a conservative. (गाँधीजी जाति-प्रथा में या अस्पृश्यता में विश्वास नहीं करते थे। उन्होंने समानता के आधार पर समाज को एक नया रूप दिया। इसलिए वे रूढ़िवादी न होकर नये परिवर्तनों के समर्थक थे।)

Question 11.
What is the contribution of Gandhiji to Hindu culture ?
(हिन्दू संस्कृति को गाँधीजी का क्या योगदान है ?)
Answer :Gandhiji opposed the caste system. He helped the oppressed and down-trodden. He fought for the women’s rights and equality. He gave a new direction to Hindu culture.
(गाँधीजी ने जाति-प्रथा का विरोध किया। उन्होंने दु:खी एवं दलित लोगों की सहायता की। वे स्त्रियों के अधिकारों एवं समानता के लिए लड़े। उन्होंने हिन्दू संस्कृति को एक नई दिशा दी।)

Question 12.
What significant changes, according to the author, have taken place in India since the attainment of freedom?
(लेखक के अनुसार स्वतन्त्रता-प्राप्ति के बाद से भारत में क्या-क्या महत्त्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन हुए हैं?).
Answer :
According to the author many significant changes have taken place in India since freedom. Animal sacrifices, burning of widows on their husband’s pyres and girls’ marriage in childhood have almost been stopped. Untouchability also has almost been abolished. Indians have stopped copying European traditions blindly.
(लेखक के अनुसार स्वतन्त्रता-प्राप्ति के बाद से भारत में अनेक महत्त्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन हुए हैं। पशु-बलि, विधवाओं का अपने पति की चिता पर जलना और लड़कियों का बाल-विवाह लगभग बन्द हो गया है। छुआछूत भी लगभग समाप्त हो गई है। भारतीयों ने बिना सोचे-समझे यूरोप की परम्पराओं की नकल करना छोड़ दिया है।)

Question 13.
What does the author predict about the Indian way of life ?
(भारतीय जीवन-पद्धति के विषय में लेखक की भविष्यवाणी क्या है?)
Or
What kind of men will the Indians of coming generation be according to the writer ?
(लेखक के अनुसार आने वाली पीढ़ी के भारतीय किस प्रकार के व्यक्ति होंगे?)
Or
What is the future of Indian culture according to the writer ? [2011]
(लेखक के अनुसार भारतीय संस्कृति का भविष्य क्या है?)
Answer :
The author predicts about the Indian way of life that future generation will not be following Europeans blindly. They will root out the evils of their traditions but will be aware of the continuity of their culture.
(लेखक भारतीय जीवन पद्धति के विषय में भविष्यवाणी करता है कि भावी पीढ़ियाँ यूरोप का अनुसरण बिना सोचे-समझे नहीं करेंगी। वे अपनी परम्पराओं की बुराइयों को उखाड़ फेंकेंगे और अपनी संस्कृति की निरन्तरता के प्रति सचेत रहेंगे।)

Question 14.
How will Hindu civilization retain its continuity ? [2009]
(हिन्दू सभ्यता अपनी निरन्तरता को कैसे बनाए रखेगी ?)
Or
What does A. L. Basham mean when he says that ‘Hindu civilization will retain its continuity’?
(‘हिन्दू सभ्यता अपनी निरन्तरता को सुरक्षित रखेगी इस कथन से A.L. Basham का क्या तात्पर्य है?)
Answer :
Hindu civilization will retain its continuity in the following way. The Bhagwad. Gita and Upanishads would inspire the man of actions and thoughts. People will love the tales of the heroes of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Western life of hurry and worry will not touch us. The quiet and gentle happiness, the charm and glory of Indian way of life will continue.
(भारतीय सभ्यता अपनी निरन्तरता को निम्न ढंग से बनाये रखेगी। भगवद्गीता और उपनिषद् मनुष्य के कार्य और विचारों को प्रेरणा देंगे। लोग महाभारत तथा रामायण के वीरों की कहानियों से प्रेम करेंगे। शोर-शराबे. व चिन्ता का पाश्चात्य जीवन हमारा स्पर्श भी नहीं कर सकेगा। शान्त एवं सौम्य आनन्द तथा भारतीय जीवन-पद्धति की सुन्दरता एवं वैभव निरन्तर रहेगा।)

Question 15.
What contrast does the author see between the Indian way of life and that of the West ?
(लेखक भारतीय जीवन-पद्धति एवं पाश्चात्य जीवन-पद्धति में क्या अन्तर बताता है?)
Or
What, according to the writer, is the difference between the Indian and Western way of life? .
(लेखक के अनुसार भारतीय तथा पाश्चात्य जीवन पद्धति में क्या अन्तर है ?)
Answer :
According to the author Indian way of life is full of quiet and gentle happiness while the Western way of life is of hurry, worry and mechanization.
(लेखक के अनुसार भारतीय जीवन पद्धति शान्त एवं सौम्य आनन्द से भरी हुई है, जबकि पाश्चात्य जीवन-पद्धति जल्दबाजी, चिन्ताओं और मशीनीकरण से भरी हुई है।)

Question 16.
Which useless customs in ancient Indian culture have been discarded ?
(प्राचीन भारतीय संस्कृति के कौन-कौन से व्यर्थ के रीति-रिवाज समाप्त हो चुके हैं?)
Answer :
Useless customs in ancient Indian culture e.g., animal sacrifice, burning of widow, child marriage, untouchability, etc., have been discarded.
(भारतीय संस्कृति के व्यर्थ के रीति-रिवाज; जैसे-पशु-बलि, विधवाओं का आत्मदाह, बाल विवाह, छुआछूत आदि समाप्त हो गए हैं।)

Question 17.
What evidence does the author give to prove that Indian culture has changed a lot ? [2011]
(यह सिद्ध करने के लिए कि भारतीय संस्कृति बहुत बदल गई है, लेखक क्या प्रमाण देता है?)
Answer :
The author has given many evidences to prove that Indian culture has changed a lot. For untouchability he says that now in buses and trains even the great brahmins rub their shoulders with low caste people. Temples and public wells are open to all. Many evils, e.g., animal sacrifice, widow’s burning, child marriage, etc have been abolished.

(लेखक यह सिद्ध करने के लिए कि भारतीय संस्कृति बहुत बदल गई है, अनेक प्रमाण देता है; जैसे-छुआछूत के विषय में वह कहता है कि अब महान् ब्राह्मण भी निम्न जाति के लोगों से सटकर बसों और रेलगाड़ियों में यात्रा करते हैं। मन्दिर तथा सार्वजनिक कुएँ सभी के लिए खुले हैं। बहुत-सी बुराइयाँ; जैसे-पशु-बलि, विधवाओं का आत्मदाह, बाल-विवाह आदि समाप्त हो गए हैं।)

Question 18.
What does the heritage of India consist of ? [2017]
(भारत की धरोहर क्या है?)
Answer :
The heritage of India consists of its ancient culture and traditions, its glorious past, its holy books and literature and its peaceful and gentle way of living.

(भारत की धरोहर में प्राचीन संस्कृति एवं परम्पराएँ, इसका शानदार भूतकाल, इसकी धार्मिक पुस्तकें और साहित्य तथा इसकी शान्त एवं सौम्य जीवन-पद्धति शामिल हैं।)

Question 19.
What changes have taken place in Indian caste system ?
(भारतीय जाति-प्रथा में कौन-कौन से परिवर्तन हुए हैं ?)
Or
How is the old caste system perishing ? Give examples.
(पुरानी जाति-प्रथा कैसे समाप्त हो रही है ? उदाहरण दीजिए।)
Answer :
The old caste system is vanishing rapidly, Brahmins rub shoulders with lowest castes. Temples are open to all.
(पुरानी जाति-प्रथा तेजी से समाप्त हो रही है। ब्राह्मण निम्न जाति के लोगों से कन्धे से कन्धा मिलाकर चलते हैं। मन्दिर सभी के लिए खोल दिए गए हैं।)

Question 20.
What change in the old family system is taking place ?
(पुरानी परिवार प्रथा में क्या परिवर्तन हो रहा है ?)
Answer :
The old family system is moulding itself to present day conditions.
(पुरानी परिवार प्रथा स्वयं को वर्तमान स्थितियों के अनुसार ढाल रही है।)

Question 21.
What is unique about Indian culture ? [2013, 14, 17, 18]
(भारतीय संस्कृति के विषय में अनूठी क्या बात है ?)
Answer :
Indian culture has received, adapted and digested elements of different cultures but itself remained unchanged.
(भारतीय संस्कृति ने भिन्न-भिन्न संस्कृतियों के तत्त्वों को स्वीकार किया है और अपने में मिलाया है, किन्तु स्वयं अपरिवर्तनीय रही है।)

Vocabulary

Choose the most appropriate word or phrase that best completes the sentence :
1. In his social context, he (Gandhiji) was always rather an ………………… than a conservative.
(a) innovator
(b) technician
(c) inventor
(d) discoverer

2. There are few Indians, whatever their creed, who do not ………………… with pride on their ancient culture. [2015]
(a) look upon
(b) look after
(c) look into
(d) look back

3. Politically and economically India ………………… many problems.
(a) forces
(b) focuses
(c) faces
(d) fences

4. We believe that Hindu Civilization is in the act of performing its most spectacular feat of …………………
(a) unity
(b) diversity
(c) synthesis
(d) analysis

5. The Bhagvad Gita will not cease to inspire men of …………………, and the Upanishads, men of.
(a) religion, reason
(b) reason, religion
(c) action, thought
(d) thought, action

6. Widows have long ………………… to be burnt on their husband’s pyres. [2013, 15, 17, 18]
(a) ceased
(b) continued
(c) compelled
(d) been anxious

7. In buses and trains all over India, Brahmans rub shoulders with the lowest castes without consciousness of grave …………………
(a) pollution
(b) dirtiness
(c) sin
(d) impurity

8. The old family system is ………………… itself to present day conditions. [2009, 11]
(a) moulding
(b) making
(c) adapting
(d) adopting

9. ………………… the whole face of India is altering, but the cultural tradition continues and it will never be lost.
(a) Really
(b) In reality
(c) In fact
(d) Consequently

10. Subhash Chandra Bose was one of the greatest of our ………………… leaders.
(a) social
(b) political
(c) religious
(d) nationalist

11. Gandhiji believed in the ………………… of ancient culture. [2017]
(a) sorrows
(b) materialism
(c) utilitarianism
(d) fundamentals

12. The cultural tradition of India will ………………… be lost. [2010, 17]
(a) ever
(b) once
(c) always
(d) never

13. Mahatma Gandhi’s passionate love of the under dog and his ………………… to caste, were unorthodox in the extreme. [2011, 14]
(a) sympathy
(b) empathy
(c) antipathy
(d) antimony

14. Mahatma Gandhi and his followers have given a new ………………… and new life to Hindu culture, after centuries of stagnation. [2011]
(a) presentation
(b) orientation
(c) intimation
(d) representation

15. Much that was ………………… in ancient Indian culture has already perished. [2012, 17, 18]
(a) violent
(b) religious
(c) unique
(d) useless

16. Hindu civilization will, we believe ………………… its continuity. [2014]
(a) loss
(b) maintain
(c) retain
(d) destroy

17. Hindu civilization will not vanish before the more ………………… ways of the West. [2015, 17]
(a) tactic
(b) hectic
(c) static
(d) erratic

18. The ‘Upanishads’ will not ………………… to inspire the men of thought. [2015]
(a) cease
(b) crease
(c) breeze
(d) grease

Answers :
1. (a), 2. (d), 3. (c), 4. (c), 5. (c), 6. (a), 7. (a), 8. (c), 9.(c), 10. (d), 11. (d), 12. (a), 13. (c), 14. (b), 15. (d), 16. (c), 17. (b), 18. (a).

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